Sebastian J Padayatty, John L Doppman, Richard Chang, Yaohui Wang, John Gill, Dimitris A Papanicolaou, Mark Levine, Human adrenal glands secrete vitamin C in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone, The American Journal of Scientific Vitamin, Quantity 86, Problem 1, July 2007, Pages 145–149, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.1.145
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
People, not like most animals, can’t synthesize vitamin C and as an alternative should receive it from weight-reduction plan. Wholesome people consuming 200–300 mg vitamin C/d, an quantity obtainable from meals reminiscent of fruit and greens during which the vitamin is considerable, keep steady-state fasting plasma concentrations of 70 to 80 μmol/L (5, 6). Tightly managed plasma vitamin C concentrations are exceeded transiently with oral doses of ≥1 g in quantities obtainable solely from dietary supplements and never from meals. Concentrations produced by complement doses of ≥500 mg wouldn’t happen in nature (7). In tissues apart from purple blood cells, vitamin C intracellular concentrations are normally maintained within the millimolar vary, in distinction to the micromolar vary in plasma (8, 9). The noticed tight management of vitamin C plasma and tissue concentrations is mediated by gastrointestinal absorption, mobile transport, and renal reabsorption and excretion. The particularly tight management of plasma concentrations ensuing from ingestion of vitamin C quantities present in meals (5–7) may facilitate paracrine actions of the vitamin, if native concentrations had been increased. We hypothesized that the adrenal glands secrete vitamin C after simulated stress and that tight management of plasma vitamin C concentrations would allow intraadrenal vitamin C concentrations to be far increased than these in peripheral veins. To check this, we studied sufferers with hyperaldosteronism who underwent adrenal vein sampling for particular analysis. In these sufferers, we measured adrenal and peripheral vein vitamin C and cortisol concentrations after ACTH administration.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Outcomes had been in contrast by utilizing paired t assessments or repeated-measures evaluation of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni’s publish take a look at when acceptable, and 2-tailed P values had been calculated. Adrenal vein samples taken from the appropriate and left adrenal glands had been associated as a result of they had been from the identical affected person. Nevertheless, there have been variations between the appropriate and left values due to variations in catheter place, venous anatomy, or probably different native elements. As a result of not the entire 47 out there vitamin C and cortisol measurement pairs had been statistically impartial (they got here from 26 topics, most of whom contributed 2 measurement pairs), we used an adjusted calculation to compute the importance of the noticed pattern correlation. This calculation takes under consideration this clustering (observations are impartial amongst clusters however could also be dependent inside a cluster) and makes use of a sturdy variance calculation (the Huber-White sandwich estimator of variance) in STATA statistical software program (launch 8.2; Stata Company, Faculty Station, TX).
RESULTS
As a result of adrenal vein catheterization is an invasive process with a small danger of great problems, vitamin C secretion in wholesome individuals was not studied. To handle whether or not regular adrenal glands secrete vitamin C and, in that case, to find out whether or not it differs from irregular adrenal glands with respect to vitamin C secretion, we in contrast ascorbic acid secretion from the 21 sufferers with unilateral adrenal adenomas with the contralateral regular adrenals in the identical sufferers (Determine 3). The information present that ascorbic acid secretion didn’t differ considerably in accordance with whether or not adrenal adenoma was current or not. Peak adrenal vein vitamin C and cortisol concentrations had been strongly correlated in all adrenals (r2 = 0.35, P < 0.001; Determine 4). The correlations between peak adrenal vein vitamin C and cortisol for regular adrenal glands, for adrenal glands with adenoma, and for hyperplastic adrenal glands are proven. Evaluation of covariance with interplay to check whether or not the three slopes had been equal discovered no vital distinction between the three slopes.
DISCUSSION – “does vitamin c reduce cortisol”
The authors’ tasks are as follows—JLD, JG, and ML: examine idea and design; SJP, JLD, RC, WY, DAP, and ML: knowledge assortment and evaluation and interpretation of outcomes; SJP and ML: writing of the manuscript; and all authors (besides JLD, who’s deceased) reviewed the ultimate manuscript. The funding supply had no function in examine design, assortment, evaluation and interpretation of information, or in writing or in submitting the paper for publication. Not one of the authors had a private or monetary battle of curiosity.
REFERENCES
FOOTNOTES
“does vitamin c reduce cortisol”