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Deficiency Symptoms
In the past, niacin deficiency was common, especially in the Southern States of the U.S. Now, however, most people get enough vitamin B-3 in their diet. According to the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) , a person who lacks vitamin B-3 may experience: a pigmented rash on skin that is exposed to the sun
rough appearance to the skin
bright red tongue
fatigue or apathy
vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea
circulatory problems
depression
headache
memory loss
in severe cases, hallucinations A severe lack of vitamin B-3 can result in pellagra. Factors that can lead to low levels of B-3 include: having a diet low in tryptophans or a condition that reduces the body’s ability to convert tryptophan to niacin, such as Hartnup disease or carcinoid syndrome
undernutrition, for example, due to alcohol use disorder, anorexia, and inflammatory bowel disease
a low intake of vitamin B-2, B-6, or iron, as this can reduce the amount of tryptophan that converts to niacin Click here to find out more about vitamin B-3 deficiency.
Uses In Medicine
In the past, some people have combined vitamin B-3 with statin use as a treatment to control cholesterol. For this reason, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association do not recommend using this treatment. Risks The amount of vitamin B-3 found in food does not cause side effects.
However, taking high doses of vitamin B-3 as a supplement can result in adverse effects. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Dietary Supplement Label Database recommend 16 milligrams (mg) a day of vitamin B-3 for anyone of 4 years of age or over who is consuming a 2,000-calorie diet. Vitamin B supplements are available to purchase online, but people should check first with a doctor to make sure they are safe to take.
What Is Niacin?
The key role of niacin in your body is to synthesize the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are involved in over 400 biochemical reactions in your body — mainly related to obtaining energy from the food you eat This also means that your body can excrete excess amounts of the vitamin through urine if they are not needed Your body gets niacin through food, but it also makes small amounts from the amino acid tryptophan, which can be found in protein sources like turkey and other animal foods Its key role is in the formation of NAD and NADP, which help your body process components from food into usable energy.
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Rent state of investigations of vitamin PP and nicotinamide dinucleotides noncoenzyme functions. The role of deregulation of vitamin PP mediated signalling mechanisms involved in control over the cell function under conditions of different diseases was emphasize.