Sturdy and Weak Acids
Besides for his or her names and formulation, to date now we have handled all acids as equals, particularly in a chemical response. Nonetheless, acids will be very totally different in a vital manner. Take into account HCl(aq). When HCl is dissolved in H2O, it utterly dissociates into H+(aq) and Cl−(aq) ions; all of the HCl molecules change into ions:
[HCloverset{100%}{rightarrow}H^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)]
Any acid that dissociates 100% into ions is named a robust acid. If it doesn’t dissociate 100%, it’s a weak acid. HC2H3O2 is an instance of a weak acid:
[HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2}overset{sim 5%}{longrightarrow}H^{+}(aq)+C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}(aq)]
As a result of this response doesn’t go 100% to completion, it’s extra applicable to jot down it as a reversible response:
[HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2}rightleftharpoons H^{+}(aq)+C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}(aq)]
Because it seems, there are only a few robust acids, that are given in Desk (PageIndex{1}). If an acid isn’t listed right here, it’s a weak acid. It could be 1% ionized or 99% ionized, however it’s nonetheless categorized as a weak acid.
Sturdy and Weak Bases
The problem is comparable with bases: a robust base is a base that’s 100% ionized in answer. Whether it is lower than 100% ionized in answer, it’s a weak base. There are only a few robust bases (Desk (PageIndex{1})); any base not listed is a weak base. All robust bases are OH– compounds. So a base based mostly on another mechanism, equivalent to NH3 (which doesn’t comprise OH− ions as a part of its method), will probably be a weak base.
Key Takeaways
Contributions & Attributions
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– “magnesium hydroxide strong or weak base”