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These functions on bone and possibly kidney, but not intestine, require the parathyroid hormone. As a result of these functions, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations are elevated to supersaturating levels required for the mineralization of bone to prevent rickets, osteomalacia, and hypocalcemic tetany. Thus, bone resorption, modeling and remodeling must be considered vitamin D-dependent processes.
Vitamin D must be metabolized to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by the liver and subsequently by the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 before function. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is metabolized to a C-23 carboxylic acid (calcitroic acid) but the pathway is unknown. Two others have been described, but no clear description of the molecular mechanism of action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is yet availabl.
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and consequent increase in fracture risk.
Molecular And Cellular Endocrinology
The intestine, kidney, bone, and parathyroid gland. The molecular actions of 1,25(OH) 2 D on calcium regulating target tissues are mediated predominantly by transcription controlled by the vitamin D receptor.
A primary role for 1,25(OH) 2 D during growth is to increase intestinal calcium absorption so that sufficient calcium is available for bone mineralization. However, vitamin D also has specific actions on kidney and bon.
Topics In Companion Animal Medicine
E complex and interrelated, and at the same time tightly controlled via feedback loops established to conserve calcium homeostasis.