Truth is we’ve been delaying this article for a while until we had enough information & facts to allow us to enlighten our readers. Hopefully by the end of this article you’ll have no doubts about this subject.
Statpearls [Internet].
There are two main groups of vitamins – fat-soluble (easily stored in fat upon absorption) and water-soluble (washed out and not easily stored). Although adequate intake of all vitamins is important, regular intake is required to avoid deficiency due to the transient nature of water-soluble vitamins. The water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin C and Vitamin B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate, and cobalamin).
Introduction
The water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin C and Vitamin B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate, and cobalamin). In addition to serving as cofactors in biochemical reactions, the vitamin B complex is vital for normal body growth and development, healthy skin, the proper function of nerves and the heart, and red blood cell formation.
Related Terms:
Amin B 12 )
Vitamin B 12 has a complex ring structure (tetrapyrrole) and an atom of cobalt in the center as shown in Fig.
Vitamin B 12 is synthesized by microorganisms. The cobalamin-intrinsic factor complex is absorbed in the ileum after attaching to cubilin, a receptor for the cobalamin-intrinsic factor complex. Cubilin facilitates the absorption of the complex.
Mutation of the gene for cubilin results in impaired absorption of the cobalamin-intrinsic factor complex generating the rare megaloblastic anemia (formation of red blood cells requires vitamin B 12 , folic acid and iron; a deficiency in any one of these, causes anemia). Normally, vitamin B 12 is bound to the transporting protein, transcobalamin II, in the intestinal cells, and the vitamin B 12 -transcobalamin II complex is carried in the bloodstream to tissue cells and to the liver where it is stored as a complex of vitamin B 12 -transcobalamin III (transcobalamin III is also present in blood). In the liver, the stored form of vitamin B 12 can be released into the small intestine through the bile; then vitamin B 12 is released from the complex, becomes bound to intrinsic factor and cycles again through the intrinsic factor-vitamin B 12 -cubilin complex, and eventually reaches the bloodstream bound to the transporting protein.
The 5′-deoxyadenosine derivative (Fig. Structure of the 5′-deoxyadenosine derivative of cobalamin. This form of cobalamin is involved in methionine synthase that catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine to methionine.
In this reaction, a methyl group is transferred from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate to hydroxycobalamin. When cobalamin is deficient because the intrinsic factor is absent or inactive, folic acid becomes trapped as the N5-methyltetrahydrofolate due to the inactivity of methionine synthase. Additionally, there is an increase in methylmalonyl-CoA resulting in the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis essential for the turnover of the myelin sheath (of neurons), and this results in progressive demyelinatio.
Citation, Doi And Article Data
However the chemical structures of these compounds are structurally heterogeneous and they do not constitute a distinct biochemical group. They are all water soluble vitamins. Some of the B vitamins are known by their number, e.g.
Biotin, which is actually vitamin B 7 , although few realize this.