Which enzyme uses biotin as coenzyme? Biotin is a coenzyme for five carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, synthesis of fatty acids, and gluconeogenesis.
What is the common function of the enzymes that require biotin? Biotin is an important cofactor for carboxylase enzymes. As the name sounds, these enzymes add carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) to whatever compound they act on. In fatty acid synthesis, biotin is required by the enzyme that forms malonyl CoA from acetyl-CoA, as shown below1.
Which enzyme of gluconeogenesis is dependent on biotin? Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a biotin- and ATP-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the anaplerotic carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a substrate for gluconeogenesis.
Related Questions
What Are Biotin Dependent Enzymes
In mammals, the biotin-dependent enzymes and the metabolic processes they participate in are as follows: pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis; propionyl-CoA carboxylase in odd-chain fatty acid oxidation; acetyl-CoA carboxylase in fatty acid synthesis; and β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase in amino acid catabolism.
Is biotin metabolized by the liver?
The liver also plays an important role in normal biotin nutrition and physiology, because it represents the major organ for biotin use and metabolism.
What does biotin do in gluconeogenesis?
In humans, biotin is involved in important metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Biotin regulates the catabolic enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase at the posttranscriptional level whereas the holo-carboxylase synthetase is regulated at the transcriptional level.
Are all carboxylase biotin-dependent?
Biotin-dependent carboxylases have two distinct enzymatic activities and catalyze their reactions in two steps [17,18].Table-
What contains biotin?
Some of the best sources of biotin include legumes, egg yolks, organ meats, nuts, seeds, mushrooms, avocados, sweet potatoes, and yeast. Biotin supplements are available as well, but most people can get all of the biotin they need by eating a balanced diet.
Is glycogenesis same as gluconeogenesis?
Gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis are different processes, which are important in maintaining the blood glucose level. Gluconeogenesis is the process of the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, whereas glycogenesis is the process of formation of glycogen from glucose.
Is acetyl-CoA used in gluconeogenesis?
ATP, acetyl-CoA, and citrate are important effectors during gluconeogenesis: Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase, which converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate (OAA) for use in the gluconeogenic pathway.
What is vitamin B7 known as?
You may recognize vitamin B7 by its popular name of biotin. It is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in some foods and also in supplements. Biotin plays a vital role in assisting enzymes to break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in food.
What is biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiency?
Biotinidase deficiency (OMIM 253260) diminishes or prevents biotin recycling and coenzyme activity required for stable metabolic function. Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) is one of many metabolic disorders that occur in the absence of the coenzyme activity of biotin.
What is the function of biotin in acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
With multiple rotatable bonds between the ring structure and the protein backbone, biotin functions as a swinging arm to effect the transfer of the carboxyl moiety between the active sites of the two catalytic domains, a distance of ~7 Å. Fig.- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
What type of enzyme is a carboxylase?
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) encoded by the gene PC is an enzyme of the ligase class that catalyzes (depending on the species) the physiologically irreversible carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate (OAA).
Can biotin cause elevated liver enzymes?
Despite the fact that biotin supplementation had no effect on liver toxicity markers, histological analysis showed noticeable differences between groups.