4Department of Social Well being of Medication, Hamamatsu Medical College
6Department of Inside Medication, Nationwide Hospital Group, Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Middle
7Department of Environmental Well being Faculty of Medication, Fukui College
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Presently, in Japan, well being meals merchandise, together with dietary dietary supplements, are handled merely as standard meals, and there are not any legal guidelines to manage their manufacturing and consumption. They’re subjected to myriad laws, reminiscent of these regarding meals security and meals hygiene; the Medication, Cosmetics and Medical Devices Act; and guidelines associated to the standardization of agriculture and forestry provides and adequacy of high quality management strategies. No authorities company controls these merchandise in a scientific method from their manufacturing to sale, managing the damages they could trigger. When an opposed impact of such a product on well being is found, the Security Committee of the Cupboard makes choices in a case-by-case method. Thus, within the case of an accident, persons are anticipated to imagine the accountability of the result.
Regardless of this authorized inadequacy, the marketplace for these so-called well being meals is mushrooming as a result of present curiosity in well being promotion.1 In response to the results of a survey, i.e., “The awareness and behavior of housewives concerning health foods,” carried out by the Nationwide Life Middle in 2005, 1 out of 4 people consumed these well being meals nearly each day. The expenditure incurred on these meals will increase with age: greater than 10% of people of their 50s and 60s had been proven to spend >10,000 yen, and a few even spent >50,000 yen monthly.2
It’s suspected {that a} appreciable variety of them are unaware of the sort or portions of vitamins that they’re consuming; beneath the affect of mass media promoting campaigns that extol the virtues of well being meals containing magnesium, they blindly consider that they’re affected by a magnesium deficiency and enthusiastically eat such well being meals with the hope of gaining the proclaimed well being advantages.
A tv station addressed the topic of the helpful results of consuming magnesium. The physique fat-lowering impact of magnesium was illustrated in an experiment during which the impact of the presence or absence of magnesium on combustion of fats (substituted by an oil from an animal supply) was noticed. In the identical program, a weight-loss methodology was launched whereby one was proven that one may drop pounds by ingesting a juice containing nigari (bittern), which was marketed to be a easy technique of consuming magnesium.
In response to a Mainichi newspaper article dated July 16, 2004, since late 2003, 2 sufferers are reported to have been delivered to the Tokyo Metropolitan Bokuto Hospital Emergency Middle with cardiopulmonary arrest as a consequence of acute magnesium intoxication: one in all them was a person in his 70s who consumed roughly 100 mL of nigari (containing magnesium) from a PET bottle when his household really useful using a small quantity of it to deal with his constipation and the opposite was a lady in her 40s who consumed roughly one-half of the contents of a PET bottle of nigari and was delivered to the emergency room minutes earlier than cardiac arrest. Thankfully, therapy by hemodialysis saved their lives.
Some nutritionists instructing at universities ignore the significance of understanding (1) the properties of every nutrient and (2) the amount of that nutrient {that a} wholesome grownup ought to eat day by day. They lecture on the necessity for utilizing dietary dietary supplements with out emphasizing on the significance of correcting poor way of life habits, reminiscent of overeating, dietary imbalance, extreme consumption of alcoholic drinks, and irregular consuming habits.3,4
The nutritional vitamins and minerals which can be poor within the day by day weight loss program of a standard grownup stay unknown. As a part of the reply to this query, we determined to deal with the connection between dietary magnesium and serum magnesium stage. Magnesium performs an vital position in stabilizing adenosine triphosphate and different molecules.5 It is usually one of many important mineral parts.6 In human beings, magnesium contained within the regular weight loss program is absorbed by the intestinal tract. The mechanism of intestinal absorption of magnesium has not been fully elucidated.5 In adults, roughly 50-60% of the magnesium is contained within the bones, that are identified to be a website of magnesium storage. During times of magnesium deficiency, the bones launch it in order that it may be used as required in different elements of the physique. The parathyroid hormone is presumed to be concerned on this course of; nonetheless, the main points of this course of stay unknown.5
It has been steered that if the deficiency in magnesium consumption (nonetheless small in magnitude) persists for a very long time, the danger of lifestyle-related ailments reminiscent of osteoporosis, coronary heart illness, and diabetes mellitus will increase; nonetheless, the mechanisms by which this happens stay controversial.5 A number of the newer epidemiologic research point out the connection between the event of colon most cancers and poor magnesium consumption.7 Research on the dynamics of magnesium metabolism in vivo within the basic inhabitants are scarce.8
Among the many Japanese, who’re identified to have the world’s longest life expectancy, we noticed the inhabitants of Fukui Prefecture, whose life expectancy is the longest among the many Japanese9. We consider that it is very important observe the connection between their dietary magnesium consumption and serum magnesium stage.
The current research was carried out on a bunch of topics who had been chosen by stratified sampling from randomly chosen areas to watch the next: (1) the distribution of magnesium consumption stratified by intercourse and age, (2) serum magnesium focus and its distribution, and (3) the connection between magnesium consumption and serum magnesium focus. We additionally investigated the opportunity of estimating magnesium consumption from the serum magnesium focus.
METHODS
The themes of the Complete Survey of Dwelling Situations of the Folks on Well being and Welfare 1998, had been the households (roughly 280,000) or members of the households (roughly 780,000) positioned inside 5,240 space items that had been randomly chosen from these chosen by the Complete Survey of Dwelling Situations of the Folks on Well being and Welfare 1998. The themes of the 1998 Nationwide Vitamin Survey had been the households (roughly 5,000) or members of the households (roughly 15,000) positioned inside 300 space items that had been randomly chosen from these chosen by the 1998 Nationwide Survey on Fundamental Life Statistics (the themes of the 1995 Nationwide Census of Japan). Amongst these households, 47 had been positioned in Fukui Prefecture (Ohno-shi and Harue-machi); of those, 5 households had been excluded as a result of the people didn’t present their consent and a few of them had been registered as international nationals, and the 156 members from the remaining 42 households served as the themes of the 1998 Prefectural Vitamin Survey for Fukui Prefecture as nicely. The survey process composed of bodily measurements (physique top, physique weight, blood stress, hematological knowledge, and oral well being knowledge collected by questioning), dietary standing, and dietary knowledge. Blood investigations weren’t carried out on a minority of the Nationwide Vitamin Survey inhabitants, which comprised people <20 years outdated and infants; accordingly, these topics weren't included on this research.
Of the 156 individuals residing within the goal space of the Nationwide Vitamin Survey, 62 offered us with verbal consent for using each their dietary knowledge and the info on serum parameters; based mostly on the consent of the people, the Fukui Prefectural Authorities additionally accredited using the info. Subsequently, we analyzed 62 individuals (31 males and 31 females from 32 households); we had been unable to carry out bodily examination of one of many research topics. The Japanese authorities, which is accountable for conducting the Nationwide Vitamin Survey, contacted every native prefectural authorities to survey the residents. The native governments are permitted to make use of the info thus obtained for native coverage making. The Fukui Prefectural Authorities accredited of our research on the evaluation of the connection between dietary magnesium consumption and serum magnesium ranges. Thus, the Fukui Prefectural Authorities offered us with the info obtained from the residents who consented to take part in our research. The individuals of the research group offered their verbal consent to the Fukui Prefectural Authorities (Public Well being Middle) for the 1998 Nationwide Vitamin Survey and to the authors of this research for utilizing the info obtained by the native authorities in our survey. With the intention to acquire this consent, we additionally attended the survey carried out by the native authorities and defined to the individuals the aim of our analysis. Previous to the research, its intent was totally defined to all of the members of the Public Well being Middle with the intention to present them with an entire understanding of the survey process. On the time of the area-wise briefing session of the 1998 Nationwide Vitamin Survey in Fukui in October 1998, the themes had been defined the aim of this research by the general public well being middle workers and the authors of this research. As well as, knowledgeable consent was obtained from these topics, allowing the contents of the Nationwide Vitamin Survey questionnaire (together with bodily measurements, nutrient consumption, and dietary habits) to be made accessible to us by the general public well being middle workers. Holidays and particular events had been prevented, and a day when individuals had been probably to be on an extraordinary weight loss program was chosen because the survey date (November 5, 1998, for Ohono-shi, and November 9, 1998, for Harue-machi). Previous to the survey, the aim of the research was adequately defined to the individuals. The survey sheet on meals consumption was distributed to every family; the tactic for coming into the info was totally defined; and every meals merchandise was weighed utilizing a scale, and the load was entered into the survey sheet. When the quantity was too small to be weighed, a tough estimate of the quantity was entered. One individual in every family weighed and recorded the cooked dishes and the elements of every dish, the quantity of meals consumed and wasted, and the approximate proportions consumed by every member of the family. The kind and quantity of meals consumed exterior the house had been additionally included when recording a person’s meals consumption. As well as, a dietitian, who was additionally a member of the survey group, personally visited every family, verified the entered knowledge, made corrections, or instructed the topic on methods to file the info appropriately. The consumption of extra dietary dietary supplements, reminiscent of these containing nutritional vitamins or minerals, was not examined. A card was ready for every topic based mostly on the consumption listed within the meals consumption survey sheet. It relied on the proportion of meals consumed by a person inside every family, which was recorded for every member of the family by the house supervisor. We used the fifth revised version of the Commonplace Tables of Meals Composition in Japan,10 which relies on the values of magnesium consumption measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS).11 On the day on which the bodily measurements had been carried out (November 4, 1998, in Ohno-shi, and November 11, 1998, in Harue-machi), 5 mL of blood was collected from every topic utilizing a vacuum tube; the serum was then separated (by centrifugation at 1 atm stress and 15°C) and instantly saved at a temperature under -40°C. Following dissolution, the serum was diluted 10 instances with 0.001 mol/dm3 nitric acid to which 5 μg/mL of yttrium (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan) had been added. A quantitative evaluation was carried out utilizing an OPTIMA 3000 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, USA; magnesium detection restrict, 0.1 ppb). The magnesium focus of the identical pattern was additionally examined utilizing an AAS manufactured by the identical firm (4100ZL; magnesium detection restrict, 0.008 ppb) to verify the accuracy of the outcome obtained by ICP spectrometry. The serum magnesium values obtained by ICP spectrometry had been used for computation since these values within the order of 10 ppb had been equal to the values obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. Excel® 2003 (Microsoft) was used for statistical evaluation and testing. The normality of the histogram was examined utilizing a chi-square conformity take a look at, during which the chi-square values indicating the noticed frequencies and their deviations from the anticipated values are used. If a logarithmic distribution was famous as a substitute of a standard distribution, it was appropriately reworked. The Scholar’s t take a look at was used for the imply statistics, and the correlation was examined utilizing Pearson’s correlation coefficient take a look at. The importance stage was set at 5%.RESULTS
The profiles of the research topics in keeping with their intercourse, day by day magnesium consumption, magnesium consumption per kilogram physique weight (BW), and serum magnesium focus are proven in Desk 1.
The imply day by day magnesium consumption was 322 ± 132 mg/day for males (n = 31), 323 ± 163 mg/day for girls (n = 31), and 322 ± 147 mg/day for your complete group (n = 62). The imply day by day magnesium consumption per kilogram BW was 5.22 ± 2.44 mg/kg/day for males (n = 31), 6.30 ± 2.99 mg/kg/day for girls (n = 31), and 5.75 ± 2.75 mg/kg/day for your complete group (n = 62). The imply serum magnesium focus was 20.69 ± 2.83 ppm for males (n = 31), 20.69 ± 2.88 ppm for girls (n = 31), and 20.69 ± 2.83 ppm for your complete group (n = 62). No important distinction was noticed within the imply serum magnesium focus between women and men.
It was noticed that intercourse had no impact on the day by day magnesium consumption or on the day by day magnesium consumption per kilogram BW, when the distinction was examined utilizing the Scholar’s t take a look at. Magnesium consumption was expressed within the type of a histogram (Determine 1). Normality was examined utilizing a chi-square goodness-of-fit take a look at during which the chi-square values symbolize the frequencies of the observations and their deviations from the anticipated values. When examined for normality, the chi-square worth was 9.95 (diploma of freedom (df) = 8), and a standard distribution was not famous at a significance stage of 5%. Subsequent, a logarithmic conversion was carried out to look at normality. When a logarithmic conversion was used to check for normality, the chi-square worth was 2.32 (df = 8), and a standard distribution was famous at a significance stage of 5%. The distribution of serum magnesium concentrations is proven in Determine 1. Normality was examined by a chi-square goodness-of-fit take a look at the place the bias between the noticed frequency and the anticipated worth was examined by a chi-square worth. The chi-square worth was discovered to be 4.53 (df = 8), and a standard distribution was famous at a significance stage of 5%.
Due to the restricted variety of specimens accessible and the dearth of proof for a sex-related distinction within the serum magnesium concentrations and dietary magnesium consumption, female and male samples had been pooled to watch the connection between dietary magnesium consumption and its serum focus. The slope of the regression line between the serum magnesium focus (Y ppm) and day by day dietary magnesium consumption (X mg) was decided utilizing the formulation Y = 4.93 (log10X) + 8.49. The coefficient of correlation (r) between the serum magnesium focus and day by day magnesium consumption was decided to be 0.29 at a significance stage of 5%. Additional, the slope of the regression line between the day by day dietary magnesium consumption (Y mg) and serum magnesium focus (X ppm) was decided utilizing the formulation Y = 14.65X + 19.31. The coefficient of correlation (r) between the day by day magnesium consumption and serum magnesium focus was noticed to be 0.28 at a significance stage of 5%. Thus, serum magnesium focus was noticed to correlate with the day by day dietary magnesium consumption.
DISCUSSION – “magnesium japan”
The really useful magnesium consumption in keeping with the worldwide requirements is 4.5 mg/kg BW/day.12 Though on this research, we decided the day by day magnesium consumption based mostly on solely a 1-day meal file, this was calculated to be 5.75 ± 2.75 mg/kg BW/day. In contrast with the worldwide requirements, these topics acquire adequate magnesium from their day by day meals. Peacock et al.13 computed the magnesium consumption assessed from a meals frequency questionnaire and stratified it by the serum magnesium focus. They discovered that the imply day by day magnesium consumption amongst men and women was 241-252 and 270-279 mg/day, respectively. Our knowledge point out that the consumption amongst men and women is 323 ± 163 mg/day (vary, 152-950) and 322 ± 132 mg/day (vary, 143-861), respectively. It was concluded that the imply day by day dietary magnesium consumption is pretty excessive amongst wholesome topics. Though there are not any variations within the measured values ensuing from the completely different investigation strategies used, a distinction ensuing from the variations in dietary habits is believed to exist.
The Nationwide Vitamin Survey was carried out in 1998, and the consumption of dietary dietary supplements, reminiscent of these containing nutritional vitamins or minerals, was not examined. Then, the consumption of dietary dietary supplements was examined solely by a questionnaire on dietary habits included within the 2001 Nationwide Vitamin Survey. The outcomes of this questionnaire survey confirmed that 83% of the lads and 62% of the ladies didn’t eat any dietary dietary supplements. As well as, among the many people who consumed dietary supplements, solely 8% of the lads and 10% of the ladies had been proven to eat dietary supplements containing magnesium. Accordingly, for the aim of the present research, it was supposed that the info from the yr 1998, when magnesium dietary supplements had been hardly consumed, can be correct sufficient to look at magnesium consumption from 1 meal alone.
Within the fifth Commonplace Desk of Meals Composition in Japan (2001), the magnesium contents in several types of meals consumed by the Japanese had been described.10 The 2001 Nationwide Vitamin Survey14 examined the day by day dietary magnesium consumption within the wholesome Japanese inhabitants by adopting the identical methodology that has been used within the present research, and decided the imply day by day dietary magnesium consumption to be 272 ± 107 mg/day amongst all the themes (n = 9,825; all the themes had been aged >20 years), 287 ± 111 mg/day amongst males (n = 4,507), and 258 ± 102 mg/day amongst girls (n = 5,318). The information within the present research is bigger than that of the 2001 Nationwide Vitamin Survey. The distinction within the calendar years (1998 and 2001) and areas could clarify these discrepancies. On this research, no sex-related distinction was noticed with regard to the amount of magnesium consumption. In distinction to the findings of the 2001 Nationwide Vitamin Survey, the imply day by day dietary magnesium consumption was barely larger amongst girls as in comparison with that in males, in contrast to that noticed on this research. Magnesium is considerable in vegetables and fruit; nonetheless, in refined and processed meals or the so-called immediate meals, it’s current in negligible quantities.
Taking collectively the outcomes of a magnesium stability take a look at for Japanese15 and People,16 the Ministry of Well being, Labour, and Welfare of the Japanese authorities revealed the “Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” in 2005.17 The estimated common requirement (EAR) of magnesium per day amongst Japanese males was 290 mg/day within the age group 18-29 years, 310 mg/day within the age group 30-49 years, 290 mg/day within the age group 50-69 years, and 260 mg/day for age ≥70 years. The EAR of magnesium per day amongst Japanese girls was 230 mg/day within the age group 18-29 years, 240 mg/day within the age group 30-69 years, and 220 mg/day for age ≥70 years. The really useful dietary allowances (RDAs) based mostly on the meals consumption decided by the Japanese Ministry of Well being, Labour and Welfare17 are 340, 370, 370, 350, and 310 mg/day for males between 18 and 29 years of age, between 30 and 49 years of age, between 50 and 69 years of age, and ≥70 years of age, respectively; they’re 270, 280, 290, and 270 mg/day for girls between 18 and 29 years of age, between 30 and 49 years of age, between 50 and 69 years of age, and ≥70 years of age, respectively. Among the many topics of the present research, a complete of 20 (32%) topics, i.e., 12 males (39%) and eight girls (26%) didn’t fulfill the RDA.
On this research, willpower of the amount of magnesium consumption relied on the day by day meal information. It’s because we conformed to the protocol of the Nationwide Vitamin Survey (1998). Nevertheless, there are particular issues related to this protocol, which considers the magnesium consumption just for a day and never in keeping with the topic’s customized. Accordingly, there are limitations to the outcome thus obtained. A couple of people could also be unable to realize a dietary consumption as per the RDA. If we examine the meal information over an extended time period, the correlation between serum magnesium focus and day by day magnesium consumption would turn out to be extra evident; due to this fact, such a research is fascinating.
There are a number of strategies of measuring the serum magnesium stage: the EDTA methodology, flame spectrophotometry, the Titan yellow methodology, ICP spectrometry, and enzyme evaluation. Presently, atomic absorption spectrophotometry is used most steadily due to its reproducibility, simplicity, and sensitivity.18 Within the present research, ICP and atomic emission spectrophotometry had been used concurrently. ICP spectrometry is less complicated to carry out and is taken into account extra fascinating sooner or later for the evaluation of a number of samples. The imply serum magnesium concentrations have been reported beforehand by Khan et al. (0.73 ± 0.03 mmol/L (17.52 ± 0.72 ppm))19 and by Abraham et al. (1.7 ± 0.04 mg/100 mL (17.0 ± 0.40 ppm)), 20 based mostly on atomic absorption spectrophotometric measurements in wholesome people; though we adopted the identical methodology within the current research, the serum magnesium focus values obtained had been larger. It might be appropriate to state that the serum magnesium focus within the regular Japanese inhabitants is larger than that present in different populations.
The questionnaire on dietary consumption that was used within the 1998 Nationwide Vitamin Survey21 didn’t embrace questions on using dietary dietary supplements by individuals. Primarily based on the statistical distribution of the serum magnesium stage on this research, it’s unlikely that there have been people who consumed massive portions of magnesium dietary supplements that might have induced notable fluctuations within the outcomes. We utilized the common day by day dietary magnesium consumption amongst adults from the 2001 Nationwide Vitamin Survey to the formulation Y = 4.93 (log10X) + 8.49 and estimated the serum magnesium focus. It’s predicted to be 20.49, 20.61, and 20.38 ppm for the general topics, males, and girls, respectively. The usual serum magnesium focus among the many wholesome Japanese inhabitants is listed as 1.8-2.3 mg/dL (0.74-0.95 mmol/L) (18-23 ppm),22 whereas in keeping with the Present Medical Prognosis and Remedy, it’s listed as 1.5-2.5 mEq/L (18-30 ppm).23 In response to these sources, the traditional values fluctuate over a variety. Among the many topics of the present research, the serum magnesium focus in 6 people (9.7%)-3 males and three women-did not attain the usual worth of 18 ppm. A research carried out by Tsunematsu confirmed that intercourse and age had no results on serum magnesium focus amongst wholesome individuals, the imply ± normal deviation of whole serum magnesium focus being 1.76 ± 0.12 mEq/L (21.0 ± 1.44 ppm).8 Due to the restricted variety of samples on this research, it was not potential to detect age-related fluctuations. Furthermore, sex-related variations had been additionally not detected as reported by Tsunematsu. On this research, the imply ± normal deviation of the entire serum magnesium focus was 20.69 ± 2.83 ppm, which was in step with that reported by Tsunematsu.8
In response to Peacock et al., the coefficient of correlation between serum magnesium focus and day by day magnesium consumption was 0.053, thus indicating no correlation between the two components.13 Nevertheless, the coefficient of correlation computed within the present research was 0.29. When examined for significance, the correlation was proven to be important at a significance stage of 5%. It might be noteworthy that the distinction between these 2 values is as a result of distinction between the strategies of measurement of the day by day magnesium consumption. We constructed a scattergram by plotting the serum magnesium concentrations (ppm) on the Y-axis and dietary magnesium consumption (mg/day) transformed to the logarithmic scale on the X-axis, which yielded a linear regression equation, i.e., Y = 4.93 (log10X) + 8.49. Additional, a linear regression between the day by day magnesium consumption (Y mg) and serum magnesium focus (X ppm) was calculated to be given by the equation Y = 14.65X + 19.31. Thus, it was steered that magnesium consumption could be estimated based mostly on the serum magnesium focus. By using a mannequin that allows the estimation of magnesium consumption from the serum magnesium stage, the required optimum serum magnesium focus for a wholesome particular person could be decided. Thus, it could be potential to find out the person dietary magnesium necessities throughout dietary counseling with the intention to forestall lifestyle-related ailments, enhance one’s well being, forestall getting older, and avert an extra or deficiency of magnesium.
In our research, we included people belonging to the identical family, contemplating each particular person as an impartial pattern. Nevertheless, the meal consumption for people belonging to the identical family could also be comparable. This suggests that sampling both your complete family or 1 member of the family results in completely different distributions of dietary magnesium consumption or serum magnesium concentrations. To review this risk, in a separate research, we chosen 1 particular person from every family and in contrast their imply serum magnesium focus and imply day by day dietary magnesium consumption with the outcomes of your complete research inhabitants. We randomly chosen 1 particular person from every family and shaped a brand new subgroup of 32 people (16 males and 16 females). The imply serum magnesium focus of your complete inhabitants (n = 62) was equal to that of the brand new subgroup (n = 32), i.e., 21.07 ± 2.66 ppm (21.16 ± 2.97 ppm for males and 20.98 ± 2.41 ppm for females). (The formally accredited distinction in common is at harmful charge of 5%.) The imply day by day magnesium consumption among the many complete research group (n = 62) was comparable with that of the brand new subgroup (n = 32), i.e., 334 ± 157 mg (311 ± 73 mg for males and 356 ± 211 mg for females). Furthermore, the values for your complete teams and females had been an identical (The formally accredited distinction in common is at a harmful charge of 5%.); nonetheless, within the case of males, this was not noticed. The coefficient of correlation between your complete research group and your complete subgroup was 0.06. Subsequently, contemplating all the themes as impartial specimens could have led to this discrepancy. Sampling of a larger variety of people from a larger variety of households is thus required.
Extra research using a bigger variety of take a look at topics should be carried out earlier than the formulation steered on this research could be utilized on a bigger scale. For instance, if the info relating to a person’s serum magnesium stage is added to the biochemical database of the Nationwide Well being and Vitamin Survey carried out by the Ministry of Well being, Labour and Welfare, a larger variety of specimens will turn out to be accessible and a bigger dataset will probably be accessible for evaluation. In consequence, a clear-cut relationship between the serum magnesium stage and magnesium consumption could be decided, and a formulation to adequately specific it may be deduced. By establishing the connection between magnesium consumption and serum magnesium stage, the previous could be readily deduced from the latter, thereby circumventing cumbersome and costly procedures. By detecting inadequate or extreme dietary magnesium consumption throughout dietary counseling, one can forestall cancers; cardiovascular ailments reminiscent of coronary heart illness and hypertension; metabolic ailments reminiscent of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia; and lifestyle-related ailments reminiscent of osteoporosis. The outcomes of this research will contribute to additional research on the connection between dietary magnesium consumption and serum magnesium stage with the intention to elucidate the impact of this mineral factor on lifestyle-related ailments reminiscent of cardiovascular ailments.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES