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Exercises
Answers A coenzyme is one type of cofactor. A cofactor can be either a coenzyme or an inorganic ion.
Pyridoxal Phosphate Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Coenzyme A Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide What Coenzyme Is Formed From Each Vitamin?
Niacin Thiamine Cyanocobalamin Pantothenic Acid What Is The Function Of Each Vitamin Or Coenzyme?
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However, several vitamins assume additional endocrine-like actions; this review will discuss four such vitamins. Vitamin K2 is involved in the gamma-carboxylation of coagulation factors and bone proteins, but it can also bind and activate the steroid and xenobiotic receptor in order to mediate transcription in bone tissue, and has been used to treat osteoporosis. Biotin is critical for some carboxylation reactions, but it also induces epidermal differentiation and has been used to treat lameness in animals and brittle nails in humans.
Pyridoxal phosphate (the active form of vitamin B6) is involved in a multitude of reactions, including decarboxylation and transamination; it can also inhibit DNA polymerases and several steroid receptors and may prove useful as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy. However, it also possesses vasodilatory and antilipolytic activitie.
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Among the most interesting examples of this situation have been the relationships between certain vitamins of the so-called B complex and some enzymes of prime importance in metabolism.
In each of these cases the vitamin, or a molecule of which the vitamin is a part, has been coupled with a protein carrier and the combination exhibits either enzymatic activity o.