1Food Safety Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Neighborhood Diet, Faculty of Diet and Meals Science, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3Child Development and Growth Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
1Food Safety Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Neighborhood Diet, Faculty of Diet and Meals Science, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
1Food Safety Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Neighborhood Diet, Faculty of Diet and Meals Science, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
1Food Safety Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Neighborhood Diet, Faculty of Diet and Meals Science, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
1Food Safety Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Neighborhood Diet, Faculty of Diet and Meals Science, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
1Food Safety Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Neighborhood Diet, Faculty of Diet and Meals Science, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
1Food Safety Analysis Middle, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Neighborhood Diet, Faculty of Diet and Meals Science, Isfahan College of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Quercetin, which is taken into account as a health-promoting antioxidant, belongs to the broad flavonoids group.[1–3] Flavonoids current in quite a lot of pure fruit and veggies starting from apple, cranberry to onion, broccoli and teas,[4–7] and together with some vitamins might have constructive results in athletes.[8,9] A lot of epidemiological research have demonstrated that quercetin supplies anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.[10–12] Endothelial perform is without doubt one of the train efficiency determinants and its dysfunction brought on by oxidative stress and should induces atherosclerosis.[13] Inside a clinic-based research, it has been proved that quercetin improves oxidant standing amongst renal sufferers by raised serum paraoxonase. Paraoxonase is named a marker of high-density lipoprotein antioxidant exercise which inhibits low-density lipoprotein oxidation.[14] Yi et al., reported that quercetin can cut back oxidized-low-density lipoprotein degree and forestall atherosclerosis.[13] In 2011, Yeekh et al., demonstrated that quercetin supplementation considerably alleviates low-density lipoprotein ldl cholesterol focus and will increase serum high-density lipoprotein within the research group.[15] Cadmium oral administration ends in a rise in low-density lipoprotein, three acylglycerol, free fatty acids and phospholipids and reduce in high-density lipoprotein. After an experimental investigation, it declared that quercetin can escalate serum high-density lipoprotein and cut back low-density lipoprotein and TG amongst rats. As well as it eradicates detrimental cadmium results.[16] Lack of well-documented details about quercetin and vitamin C supplementation containing complete laboratory measurements amongst athletes attracts consideration to design extra scientific trials to be able to outline mechanisms. The current research aimed toward conducting a analysis on the results of each quercetin and vitamin C on lipid profile and muscle injury in human topics.
METHODS
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind scientific trial was carried out on 60 male athletes who have been lively, however not concerned in skilled sports activities. They have been recruited voluntarily and knowledgeable concerning the procedures of research. The exclusion standards have been consumption of quercetin or every other dietary dietary supplements for at the very least 3 months earlier than the research onset. Contributors have been requested to abstain from exhaustive train 24 h earlier than the start of the trial and to maintain a file of their latest bodily exercise and dietary consumption. 4 topics left the research as a result of gastrointestinal side-effects of dietary supplements. A signed consent was obtained from all individuals earlier than the research started. This trial was achieved to be able to take a look at the speculation of the helpful results quercetin and vitamin C supplementation on male athletes inside eight weeks. Contributors have been randomly assigned to one among 4 teams together with quercetin + vitamin C (500 mg/day quercetin + 200 mg/day vitamin C), quercetin (500 mg/day quercetin + 200 mg/day placebo), vitamin C (500 mg/day vitamin C + 200 mg/day placebo) and placebo (500 mg/day placebo + 200 mg/day placebo). Quercetin, vitamin C and their placebos had the same look. All dietary supplements have been orally administrated in capsule type together with 500 mg quercetin (Solaray, USA, Inc), 200 mg vitamin C (Razi, Iran, Inc) and placebo (Pharmacy school, Isfahan College of Medical Science, Iran) every day after meals. Blood samples have been obtained from all topics between 5:00 pm and 6:00 pm, after intensive exercising, on the outset and after intervention. All measurements have been taken firstly of the supplementation and finish of intervention. Physique weight and share of physique fats have been measured utilizing a physique composition analyzer (PlusAvis 333, Korea). As well as, plasma samples have been collected for the dedication of serum lipid profile containing high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein focus. high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein have been measured at baseline and once more at eight weeks using the Cholestech LDX System (Hayward, CA), in keeping with the producer’s directions. LDH concentrations have been measured by the ELISA methodology, in keeping with the producer’s protocol. These ELISA kits have been obtained from Bender Medsystems GmbH (Vienna, Austria). Dietary consumption was estimated utilizing 24-h recall. Nutrient analyses have been carried out utilizing nutritionist IV software program. Statistical analyses have been performed utilizing the statistical program for social sciences (SPSS Model 13, Inc., Chicago, IL) pc software program package deal. The outcomes are introduced as imply ± customary error. One-way multivariate evaluation of covariance (MANCOVA) controlling for the pre-test variations adopted by Dunnett’s put up hoc comparability was used for a number of comparisons between teams. Inside-group comparisons have been achieved utilizing paired t-test. Because of non-normality of the studied variables (constructive skewed distribution) logarithmic transformation was achieved and homogeneity of covariance matrix was examined by way of BOX’M statistics. Analyses have been carried out with the SPSS Model 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) statistical package deal. The registration variety of this scientific trial is IRCT201112055062N4.
RESULTS
The overall imply ± SD of topics for age (years), weight (kg) and physique mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was 21.0 ± 1.6, 67.5 ± 10.8 and 22.3 ± 3.3 respectively. Desk 1 reveals the imply ± SD values of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) pre and put up supplementation. We didn’t detect any vital modifications in high-density lipoprotein ranges between teams and within the 4 teams earlier than and after supplementation. Whereas LDH values decreased considerably (P = 0.048) in “Quercetin + Vit C” group it was not appreciable in different therapies and between teams. Micronutrient intakes are demonstrated in Desk 2. Consumption of fat-soluble nutritional vitamins was considerably excessive amongst 4 teams.
DISCUSSION – “vitamin c bid”
The outcomes of our research characterize that supplementation with quercetin and vitamin C didn’t enhance the lipid profile as measured by high-density lipoprotein. In distinction to our research, Amengual et al., in a scientific trial research, noticed an improved high-density lipoprotein degree amongst renal sufferers.[14] Completely different research populations and supplementation dosages is likely to be the attainable causes for the variations in outcomes between the 2 research. In keeping with the earlier research, Yeekh et al., reported a big enhance in high-density lipoprotein and reduce in low-density lipoprotein after quercetin supplementation.[15] One other investigation performed amongst rats confirmed completely different outcomes.[16] The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of quercetin lead to discount of exercise-induced muscle injury.[1,17,18] In accordance with this reality, we noticed vital muscle injury as measured by LDH within the quercetin and vitamin C group. The attainable mechanism is that quercetin alleviates the free radical era throughout bodily exercise in skeletal muscle.[18–21]
CONCLUSION
Nevertheless, in our research, we detected a rise in nutrient consumption, notably the fat-soluble nutritional vitamins, calcium and folic acid. Which may be owing to a acquire in dietary consumption amongst all teams. To supply an outline, consumption of quercetin and vitamin C supplementation is probably not helpful in lipid profile enchancment, though it will most likely induce discount of muscle injury. Therefore, extra managed scientific trials contemplating longer durations of supplementation and bigger dosages are wanted. The restrictions of our research have been the restricted research inhabitants and completely different bodily exercise historical past of athletes. The strengths of this research have been human nature of samples and correct follow-up.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
“vitamin c bid”