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Collagen is principal protein of the pores and skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, and connective tissue.
Collagen is an important a part of the framework of the design of our numerous physique tissues. is the main insoluble fibrous protein within the extracellular matrix and in connective tissue.
It’s the single most ample protein within the animal kingdom.
There are not less than 16 kinds of collagen, however 80 – 90 p.c of the collagen within the physique consists of varieties I, II, and III
It’s chargeable for performing quite a lot of essential organic capabilities.
It’s most well-known for the structural function it performs within the physique.
It’s current in massive portions in connective tissue and offers bone, tendons and ligaments with tensile power and pores and skin with elasticity. It typically works in conjuction with different essential proteins equivalent to keratin and elastin. [1] [2]
Collagen manufacturing declines with age and publicity to elements equivalent to smoking and UV gentle.
Collagen can be utilized in collagen dressings, to draw new pores and skin cells to wound websites.
Beauty lotions that declare to extend collagen ranges are unlikely to take action, as collagen molecules are too massive to be absorbed by the pores and skin[3].
Collagen is a tough, insoluble, and fibrous protein that makes up one-third of the protein within the human physique.
In most collagens, the molecules are packed collectively to type lengthy, skinny fibrils. These act as supporting constructions and anchor cells to one another. They provide the pores and skin power and elasticity.
The collagens within the human physique are robust and versatile.
Kind 1 collagen fibrils are notably able to being stretched. Gram-for-gram, they’re stronger than metal.[3]
There are near 30 several types of collagen which were recognized up to now. Essentially the most ample sort of collagen current within the human physique is that of Kind I with vital quantities of Kind II,III and IV additionally accounted for.
Collagen I- present in bones, tendons, organs
Collagen II- discovered primarily in cartilage
Collagen III- discovered primarily in reticular fibres ( fantastic fibrous connective tissue occurring in networks to make up the supporting tissue of many organs).
Collagen IV- discovered within the basement membrane of cell membranes (a skinny noncellular layer positioned between epithelial cells and the connective tissue that underlies them, composed of collagen and different proteins and having quite a lot of capabilities together with assist and filtration) [4]
Collagen V- present in hair, nails[2]
Collagen Synthesis and construction [ edit | edit source ]
The manufacturing of collagen begins with procollagen—the substance secreted by your cells. It goes by processing in two elements of your cell, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi physique. This entire course of wants vitamin C. The construction of a collagen protein is what offers it the distinctive power your physique wants. It’s a triple helix—three chains twisting round one another. There are 1,050 amino acids in every of the three chains that make up collagen. And so they’re held along with hydrogens—the smallest atom. Glycine is amino acid that takes up the center of the triple helix construction as a result of it’s the one one that may match. Glycine is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its aspect chain. It’s the easiest amino acid. These lengthy fibers don’t simply exist as single protein ropes. Collagen can come collectively to type striated horizontal sheets.[5]
NB The older you get, the much less collagen you make. And what you do make isn’t as high-quality because the collagen of your youth. This impacts the looks of pores and skin, the upkeep of joint well being, and rather more.[5]
There are various kinds of issues related to collagen.These issues usually happen because of improper folding of those molecules and sometimes as a result of a selected amino acid substitution. These embody:
Alport Syndrome
Osteogenesis imperfecta (Brittle Bone illness)
Chondrodysplasias eg achondroplasia