Summary
1. Introduction
With vitamin D deficiency being implicated in an rising variety of ailments [2,4,8,9], requests for serum vitamin D focus measurements elevated between the yr 2000 and 2010 by over 80-fold [10]. The entire 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) degree, which incorporates each exogenous and endogenous vitamin D, is an applicable indicator of the vitamin D that the physique shops. Though there isn’t any common consensus a few therapy cut-off degree, research counsel 25 to 35 ng/mL because the minimal focus of 25(OH)D wanted to keep away from antagonistic results of deficiency, an issue significantly widespread at excessive latitudes, particularly within the winter [11,12]. Solutions to take care of vitamin D sufficiency embrace publicity to daylight (the pores and skin produces as much as 10,000 IU/day after publicity to UV gentle), fortified meals (e.g., milk is fortified with 100 IU/cup), and over-the-counter supplementation (1000–2000 U/day). As well as, vitamin D is generally present in fatty fish (447–1360 IU/100 g) and mushrooms [13,14]. Nonetheless, vitamin D therapy is just not with out dangers, as vitamin D toxicity has probably severe penalties [15,16]. Resulting from a large therapeutic index, vitamin D overdose is uncommon, however it does happen at excessively excessive doses. Vitamin D intoxication may be iatrogenic because of manufacturing errors or self-administration. On this report, instances of sufferers who had obtained excessive doses of vitamin D have been reviewed and introduced to explain options of vitamin D toxicity.
2. Supplies and Strategies
The Superior Cohort Explorer (ACE) was used to generate the variety of vitamin D checks ordered from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, USA between 1994 and 2017. The ACE is a scientific knowledge repository maintained by the Unified Knowledge Platform which incorporates affected person data akin to affected person demographics, diagnoses, laboratory checks, and scientific notes. Knowledge was obtained from a number of scientific and hospital supply methods throughout the Mayo Clinic Rochester.
3. Outcomes and dialogue
Numerous cut-off values for the higher ranges of serum vitamin D are used throughout the USA [4,20,21]. Nonetheless, the sufferers listed in Desk 1 had ranges above all cut-off values in widespread use. The desk summarizes the introduced instances and contains sufferers’ age, vitamin D dose, vitamin D take a look at outcomes, and complete calcium ranges.
4. Conclusions – “overdose vitamin d symptoms mayo clinic”
Lastly, whereas comparatively unusual, vitamin D intoxication ought to all the time be thought-about as a differential prognosis when evaluating sufferers with hypercalcemia.
Writer Contributions
All authors critically reviewed the manuscript and contributed to the writing.
Conflicts of Curiosity
The authors declare no battle of curiosity.
“overdose vitamin d symptoms mayo clinic”