Major Distinction – Protein Synthesis vs DNA Replication
Protein synthesis and DNA replication are two mechanisms the place DNA is used because the beginning materials. DNA serves because the genetic materials of most organisms, storing the required info for the expansion, growth, and functioning of the organism. The primary distinction between protein synthesis and DNA replication is that the protein synthesis is the manufacturing of a practical protein molecule based mostly on the data within the genes whereas DNA replication is the manufacturing of an actual reproduction of an present DNA molecule. The ultimate results of protein synthesis is a practical protein molecule, however in DNA replication it’s a DNA molecule.
Key Areas Coated
1. What’s Protein Synthesis – Definition, Mechanism, Significance 2. What’s DNA Replication – Definition, Mechanism, Significance 3. What are the Similarities Between Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication – Define of Widespread Options 4. What’s the Distinction Between Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication – Comparability of Key Variations
Key Phrases: DNA, DNA Replication, Genes, Messenger RNA (mRNA), Proteins, Protein Synthesis, Ribosomes
What’s Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis refers to a course of by which a linear chain of amino acids is produced based mostly on the data saved on a gene. This implies genes carry the message of the amino acid sequence of proteins. Details about every amino acid is encoded within the gene based mostly on the genetic code. A mixture of three nitrogenous bases, which is named a codon, carries the details about a selected amino acid. The method of protein synthesis is proven in determine 1.
The three steps of protein synthesis are transcription, RNA processing, and translation. Throughout transcription, DNA is transcribed into an mRNA molecule. RNA polymerase is the enzyme concerned in transcription. It binds to the promoter for the initiation of transcription. Because the enzyme elongates by means of the DNA template, a protracted mRNA molecule is synthesized. As soon as RNA polymerase reaches the terminator, the transcription is terminated. The ultimate results of the transcription is a pre-mature mRNA molecule. RNA processing is the method that produces a mature RNA molecule. Throughout the processing, a 5’ cap and a poly A tail are added to the mRNA; in eukaryotes, introns are eliminated by splicing the exons. The mature mRNA molecule is launched to the cytoplasm with a view to endure translation. Throughout translation, the data on the mRNA molecule is decoded for the synthesis of an amino acid sequence of a selected protein. Translation is facilitated by ribosomes. The corresponding amino acids are carried by tRNA molecules.
What’s DNA Replication
DNA replication refers to a course of of manufacturing an equivalent copy of a double-stranded DNA molecule. Every strand of the double-stranded DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of the brand new DNA molecule. Subsequently, the double stranded DNA molecule must be unwounded previous to present process the replication. DNA replication happens in a semi-conservative method – every newly-synthesized, double-stranded DNA molecule incorporates an outdated DNA molecule. The method of DNA replication is proven in determine 2.
A number of enzymes akin to helicase, RNA primase, and DNA polymerase are concerned in DNA replication. DNA is unwound by helicase, producing the replication fork. RNA primase provides primers to the DNA template. Since DNA polymerase provides complementary base pairs to the template strand, the recruitment of DNA polymerase by means of the DNA template produces a complementary DNA strand. The newly synthesized strand is complementarily base-paired with the outdated strand.
Similarities Between Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication
Distinction Between Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication – “protein synthesis vs dna replication”
Definition
Protein Synthesis: Protein synthesis refers to a course of by which a linear chain of amino acids is produced based mostly on the data saved on a gene.
DNA Replication: DNA replication refers to a course of of manufacturing an equivalent copy of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
Mechanism
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and translation are the 2 processes concerned within the protein synthesis.
DNA Replication: The manufacturing of an actual reproduction of an present DNA molecule happens within the DNA replication.
Happen in
Protein Synthesis: Protein synthesis happens contained in the nucleus in addition to within the cytoplasm.
DNA Replication: DNA replication happens contained in the nucleus in eukaryotes and within the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
RNA
Protein Synthesis: mRNA molecules are concerned in protein synthesis aside from DNA.
DNA Replication: No RNA molecules are concerned in DNA replication.
Enzymes
Protein Synthesis: The enzyme concerned within the protein synthesis is RNA polymerase.
DNA Replication: Helicase, RNA primase, and DNA polymerase are the enzymes in DNA replication.
Ultimate Product
Protein Synthesis: The ultimate product of the protein synthesis is a protein molecule.
DNA Replication: The ultimate product of the DNA replication is an actual reproduction of an present DNA molecule.
Conclusion
Protein synthesis and DNA replication are two mechanisms the place double-stranded DNA molecules are concerned within the preliminary template. Protein synthesis is the synthesis of an amino acid sequence of a protein. DNA replication is the synthesis of a brand new DNA molecule from an present DNA molecule. The primary distinction between protein synthesis and DNA replication is the mechanism and the ultimate product of the 2 processes.
1. Bailey, Regina. “Steps of DNA Replication.” ThoughtCo, Accessible right here. 2. “Protein Synthesis.” SparkNotes, Accessible right here.
1. “Bacterial Protein synthesis” By Joan L. Slonczewski, John W. Foster – Microbiology: An Evolving Science (CC BY-SA 3.0) by way of Commons Wikimedia 2. “0323 DNA Replication” By OpenStax (CC BY 4.0) by way of Commons Wikimedia
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