This web page describes the Nutritional vitamins and Minerals current in milk, and the Results of Warmth Therapies and Gentle Publicity on the Vitamin and Mineral Content material in Milk. An outline of the dietary perform of nutritional vitamins and minerals is supplied on the Dietary Parts in Milk web page within the Vitamin Details part. For extra particulars on the nutritional vitamins and minerals in milk, see references by Flynn et al. (1997), Fox and McSweeney (1998), Holt (1995), and Öste et al. (1997).
Nutritional vitamins in Milk
Nutritional vitamins have many roles within the physique, together with metabolism co-factors, oxygen transport and antioxidants. They assist the physique use carbohydrates, protein, and fats. The precise content material of nutritional vitamins in milk is listed within the Nutrient Content material Tables within the Vitamin Details part.
Milk incorporates the water soluble nutritional vitamins thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), vitamin C, and folate. Milk is an effective supply of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B12 . Milk incorporates small quantities of niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and folate and isn’t thought-about a serious supply of those nutritional vitamins within the food regimen.
Milk incorporates the fats soluble nutritional vitamins A, D, E, and Ok. The content material stage of fats soluble nutritional vitamins in dairy merchandise is determined by the fats content material of the product. Decreased fats (2% fats), lowfat (1% fats), and skim milk have to be fortified with vitamin A to be nutritionally equal to complete milk. Fortification of all milk with vitamin D is voluntary. Milk incorporates small quantities of nutritional vitamins E and Ok and isn’t thought-about a serious supply of those nutritional vitamins within the food regimen.
Minerals in Milk
Minerals have many roles within the physique together with enzyme features, bone formation, water steadiness upkeep, and oxygen transport. The precise content material of minerals in milk is listed within the Nutrient Content material Tables within the Vitamin Details part.
Milk is an effective supply of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, and zinc. Many minerals in milk are related collectively within the type of salts, reminiscent of calcium phosphate. In milk roughly 67% of the calcium, 35% of the magnesium, and 44% of the phosphate are salts certain throughout the casein micelle and the rest are soluble within the serum section. The truth that calcium and phosphate are related as salts certain with the protein doesn’t have an effect on the dietary availability of both calcium or phosphate.
Milk incorporates small quantities of copper, iron, manganese, and sodium and isn’t thought-about a serious supply of those minerals within the food regimen.
Results of Warmth Therapies & Gentle Publicity on the Vitamin & Mineral Content material in Milk
The gentle warmth therapy used within the typical excessive temperature brief time (HTST) pasteurization of fluid milk doesn’t appreciably have an effect on the vitamin content material. Nevertheless, the upper warmth therapy utilized in extremely excessive temperature (UHT) pasteurization for prolonged shelf mixed with the elevated storage life of those merchandise does trigger losses of some water-soluble nutritional vitamins. Thiamin is decreased from 0.45 to 0.42 mg/L, vitamin B 12 is decreased from 3.0 to 2.7 µg/L, and vitamin C is decreased from 2.0 to 1.8 mg/L (Potter et al., 1984). Riboflavin is a warmth steady vitamin and isn’t affected by extreme warmth remedies.
Calcium phosphate will migrate out and in of the casein micelle with adjustments in temperature. This course of is reversible at average temperatures. This doesn’t have an effect on the dietary properties of milk minerals. At very excessive temperatures the calcium phosphate might precipitate out of resolution which causes irreversible adjustments within the casein micelle construction.
Publicity to gentle will lower the riboflavin and vitamin A content material in milk. Milk ought to be saved in containers that present boundaries to gentle (opaque plastic or paperboard) to maximise vitamin retention.
Milk Composition
– “vitamin c in milk”